Fig 1: Cfap52 knockout leads to disorganization of the midpiece–principal piece junction of the sperm tail.A, morphology of the cauda epididymal spermatozoa from Cfap52+/+ and Cfap52-/- mice. B, quantification ratio of normal spermatozoa from Cfap52+/+ and Cfap52-/- mice (n = 5 independent experiments). C, quantification ratio of abnormal midpiece and principal piece junction spermatozoa from Cfap52+/+ and Cfap52-/- mice. At least 200 spermatozoa per mouse of each genotype (n = 5) were counted. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ****p < 0.0001. D, fluorescence staining of MitoTracker Deep Red and AKAP4 in Cfap52+/+ and Cfap52-/- spermatozoa; white arrowhead indicates disorganization of the midpiece–principal piece junction of the sperm tail.